Symptoms of hypoactive delirium include:
- Apathy.
- Decreased responsiveness.
- Flat affect.
- Laziness.
- Withdrawal.
Delirium is a sudden change in a person’s mental state which translates into confused thinking and reduced awareness of the environment.
There are two subtypes of delirium, known as hyperactive and hypoactive delirium. Different types of delirium produce different symptoms. Symptoms tend to start suddenly and get worse over the next few hours or days. A person with delirium may act like they’re intoxicated. The main symptom is being unable to pay attention.
Symptoms of hyperactive delirium include:
Symptoms of hypoactive delirium include:
Because delirium is temporary, it’s hard to know exactly how many people develop it. Researchers estimate that hospital delirium affects 15% to 50% of people. People in these high-risk populations may develop delirium: People who have had surgery. 80% of people who are at the end of life. 70% of people in intensive care units (ICUs). 60% of people over age 75 in nursing homes. 30% to 40% of people who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 25% of people with cancer. People may also be at higher risk for developing delirium if they: Are on dialysis. Can’t move because of catheters or restraints. Don’t get enough sleep or are dehydrated. Have burns. Have more than one illness, have a chronic condition or take multiple medications. Have Parkinson’s disease, chronic liver disease or had a stroke. Have trouble hearing or seeing. Experience alcohol or drug toxicity, overdose or withdrawal.
Patients can recover completely if the cause of delirium is identified quickly and addressed. Any delay makes it less likely they’ll recover quickly and/or fully. Lack of treatment can lead to stupor, coma or even death. Older persons with dementia and those with HIV are less likely to have a complete recovery. In addition, these other tips can help prevent delirium: Keeping a clock and calendar nearby. Having plenty of lighting during the day. Talking to a healthcare provider about limiting medicines that aren’t needed, especially those that may cause delirium. Drinking plenty of water and other fluids. Taking a walk every day, or at least getting out of bed and sit in a chair. Talking to a healthcare provider if there are any signs of an infection, such as cough, fever, pain or shortness of breath. Keep one’s family involved in the treatment plan.
Treatment for delirium depends on the cause. Treatments may include:
A healthcare provider may also prescribe antipsychotic drugs in some cases, which treat agitation and hallucinations and improve sensory issues.